Abstract:The study was conducted in the Huashanzhai Forest Farm in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, using Pinusmasoniana forests as the research subiect. Soil samples were collected from diferent thinning intensities 0% , 10%,20%30% ,and 409. , and the changes in soil organic matter and microbial communities (including aerobic bacteria, fungi, andactinomycetes) were investigated one year after treatment. The results indicated that high thinning intensity (409) significantly reduced soil organic matter content and significantly inereased the number of actinomycetes. For moderate thinning(309),there were no significant changes in soil organic matter content,but there was a significant increase in fungal populations. Therefore,selecting a thinning intensity of 30%~409 is a reasonable reference for enhancing the quantity ofsoil microbial communities in forest lands