In order to provide technical support for the efficient afforestation of populus simonii, four main populus si- monii varieties in Jianghan plain were used as experimental materials to compare the differences of growth and root devel- opment between two afforestation methods . The results showed that difference of growth was significant between two af- forestation methods, and cuttage forestation had obvious growth advantage . Further comparing the root development of the two afforestation methods, it was found that there was little difference in early root development. As time went on, the rooting number, root weight and length of rooting interval of the cuttage forestation were significantly higher than the af- forestation with root. The cuttage forestation had the well-developed root system, uniform distribution, absorption root and transport support root reasonable allocation, it was more conducive to moisture and nutrient absorption, and not easy to lodging, and finally, the cuttage forestation showed significant growth advantages to the afforestation with root.